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全寿命周期 4

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A district heating system based on absorption heat exchange with CHP systems

Lin FU, Yan LI, Yi JIANG, Shigang ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 77-83 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0022-0

摘要： In order to decrease the energy consumption of large-scale district heating systems with cogeneration, a district heating system is presented in this paper based on absorption heat exchange in the cogeneration system named Co-ah cycle, which means that the cogeneration system is based on absorption heat exchange. In substations of the heating system, the temperature of return water of primary heat network is reduced to about 25°C through the absorption heat-exchange units. In the thermal station of the cogeneration plant, return water is heated orderly by the exhaust steam in the condenser, the absorption heat pumps, and the peak load heater. Compared with traditional heating systems, this system runs with a greater circuit temperature drop so that the delivery capacity of the heat network increases dramatically. Moreover, by recovering the exhausted heat from the condensers, the capacity of the district heating system and the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power system (CHP system) are highly developed. Therefore, high energy and economic efficiency can be obtained.

关键词： cogeneration     district heating     absorption heat exchange     Co-ah cycle    

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Co-hydrotreating light cycle oil-canola oil blends

Huali WANG, Hena FAROOQI, Jinwen CHEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 64-76 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1504-8

摘要： Canola oil and light cycle oil (LCO) blends were co-hydrotreated over a commercial hydrotreating catalyst (NiMo/Al O ) to produce diesel fuel with a green diesel component. High hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation catalytic activities were achieved for all three feedstocks tested in the temperature range of 350–380 °C with a hydrogen pressure of 7 MPa and a gas/oil ratio of 800 nL/L. The hydrocracking conversion of the 360 °C+ materials in the feedstocks increased by 5% and 15% when 5 and 7.5 wt-% canola oil was added to the LCO, respectively. Compared to the pure LCO, the cetane index of the diesel product formed from hydrotreating the two canola oil-LCO blends increased by 2.5 and 4, respectively. Due to the higher hydrogen requirement to crack and deoxygenate the triglycerides contained in the canola oil, a higher hydrogen consumption was needed to hydrotreat the canola oil-LCO blends.

关键词： hydrotreating     co-hydrotreating     co-processing     canola oil     light cycle oil (LCO)    

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Revealing the GHG reduction potential of emerging biomass-based CO utilization with an iron cycle system

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1727-8

摘要：

● Greenhouse gas mitigation by biomass-based CO2 utilization with a Fe cycle system.

关键词： Carbon dioxide utilization     Hydrothermal reactions     Biomass-based CO2 reduction     Simulation     Ex-ante LCA    

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Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperatures

Harun TANYILDIZI, Abdulkadir ŞENGÜR, Yaman AKBULUT, Murat ŞAHİN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1316-1330 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0646-z

摘要： In this study, the deep learning models for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures were devised. Silica fume was used at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Cube specimens (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) were prepared for testing the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. They were cured at 20°C±2°C in a standard cure for 7, 28, and 90 d. After curing, they were subjected to temperatures of 20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C. Two well-known deep learning approaches, i.e., stacked autoencoders and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, were used for forecasting the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures. The forecasting experiments were carried out using MATLAB deep learning and neural network tools, respectively. Various statistical measures were used to validate the prediction performances of both the approaches. This study found that the LSTM network achieved better results than the stacked autoencoders. In addition, this study found that deep learning, which has a very good prediction ability with little experimental data, was a convenient method for civil engineering.

关键词： concrete     high temperature     strength properties     deep learning     stacked auto-encoders     LSTM network    

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Simulation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO

Junlan YANG, Yitai MA, Minxia LI, Hua TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 522-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0027-8

摘要： In order to optimize and control transcritical CO refrigeration cycle, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the system performance. The simulation results show that a maximum COP exists at the optimal heat rejection pressure not only for throttle valve cycle but also for expander cycle. Also, the optimal heat rejection pressures of the throttle valve cycle are greater than those of the expander cycle under the same condition. In order to further obtain correlation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO expander cycle, it is necessary to analyze the impact degree of compressor efficiency, expander efficiency, gas cooler outlet temperature and evaporation temperature. Based on the simulation results, the values of the optimal heat rejection pressure for the expander cycle were regressed in terms of gas cooler outlet temperature and evaporation temperature at given compressor efficiency and expander efficiency. Finally, two types of polynomial correlations were obtained. One is cubic form, with an average deviation of less than 0.5% and the other is simplified form, with an average deviation of less than 1%. It is, therefore, convenient to use either correlation to simulate the performance of transcritical CO expander cycle.

关键词： transcritical CO2 cycle     optimal heat rejection pressure     simulation     expander    

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Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Pol Masclans Abelló, Vicente Medina Iglesias, M. Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1296-z

摘要： Abstract • New method named CAbOP is presented based on ordering data according to power. • Three emission models are used and their emission results compared. • Emissions data are analyzed in real driving cycles under CAbOP criteria. • Methodology to collect data and reconstruct lost data in real urban driving cycles. In this work three fuel consumption and exhaust emission models, ADVISOR, VT-MICRO and the European Environmental Agency Emission factors, have been used to obtain fuel consumption (FC) and exhaust emissions. These models have been used at micro-scale, using the two signal treatment methods presented. The manuscript presents: 1) a methodology to collect data in real urban driving cycles, 2) an estimation of FC and tailpipe emissions using some available models in literature, and 3) a novel analysis of the results based on delivered wheel power. The results include Fuel Consumption (FC), CO2, NOx and PM10 emissions, which are derived from the three simulators. In the first part of the paper we present a new procedure for incomplete drive cycle data treatment, which is necessary for real drive cycle acquisition in high density cities. Then the models are used to obtain second by second FC and exhaust emissions. Finally, a new methodology named Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP) is presented and used to compare the results. This method consists in the re-ordering of time dependant data, considering the wheel mechanical power domain instead of the standard time domain. This new strategy allows the 5 situations in drive cycles to be clearly visualized: hard breaking zone, slowdowns, idle or stop zone, sustained speed zone and acceleration zone. The complete methodology is applied in two real drive cycles surveyed in Barcelona (Spain) and the results are compared with a standardized WLTC urban cycle.

关键词： Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP)     Micro and macro models     Real drive cycle     NOx/PM10/CO2 emissions     Wheel mechanical power domain     Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)    

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Major bridge projects——a multi-disciplinary approach

Klaus H. OSTENFELD, Erik Y. ANDERSEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 479-495 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0137-3

摘要： Modern bridge building is much more than concrete, steel and money. The overall socioeconomic impact, influence on people migration, traffic, use of primary materials, safety of construction impact on the environment, energy, risk scenarios, health, and most relevant now: climate and CO emissions, are among the parameters which enter into the decision process at the overall holistic conceptual level, the more detailed level of selection of bridge sites, and selection of bridge types as well as construction methods and selection of materials and products. The paper illustrates these dilemmas and illustrates by specific examples how this complicated decision process can be managed and structured in order to arrive at an overall satisfactory solution for design, construction and maintenance throughout the lifetime (life cycle) to these sometimes contradictory parameters and requirements.

关键词： bridges     materials     climate     risk     safety     environment     socioeconomics     traffic     CO2     energy     life cycle     society     aesthetics    

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A comparison of production system life cycle models

Rajesh ATTRI, Sandeep GROVER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第3期   页码 305-311 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0332-5

摘要：

Companies today need to keep up with the rapidly changing market conditions to stay competitive. The main issues in this paper are related to a company’s market and its competitors. The prediction of market behavior is helpful for a manufacturing enterprise to build efficient production systems. However, these predictions are usually not reliable. A production system is required to adapt to changing markets, but such requirement entails higher cost. Hence, analyzing different life cycle models of the production system is necessary. In this paper, different life cycle models of the production system are compared to evaluate the distinctive features and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, the difference between product life cycle and production life cycle is summarized, and the effect of product life cycle on production life cycle is explained. Finally, a production system life cycle model, along with key activities to be performed in each stage, is proposed specifically for the manufacturing sector.

关键词： production system     life cycle     model     product    

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Cyanobacterial photo-driven mixotrophic metabolism and its advantages for biosynthesis

Ni Wan,Mary Abernathy,Joseph Kuo-Hsiang Tang,Yinjie J. Tang,Le You

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 308-316 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1521-7

摘要： Cyanobacterium offers a promising chassis for phototrophic production of renewable chemicals. Although engineered cyanobacteria can achieve similar product carbon yields as heterotrophic microbial hosts, their production rate and titer under photoautotrophic conditions are 10 to 100 folds lower than those in fast growing Cyanobacterial factories face three indomitable bottlenecks. First, photosynthesis has limited ATP and NADPH generation rates. Second, CO fixation by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) has poor efficiency. Third, CO mass transfer and light supply are deficient within large photobioreactors. On the other hand, cyanobacteria may employ organic substrates to promote phototrophic cell growth, N fixation, and metabolite synthesis. The photo-fermentations show enhanced photosynthesis, while CO loss from organic substrate degradation can be reused by the Calvin cycle. In addition, the plasticity of cyanobacterial pathways (e.g., oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the TCA cycle) has been recently revealed to facilitate the catabolism. The use of cyanobacteria as “green ” could be a promising route to develop robust photo-biorefineries.

关键词： CO2 mass transfer     N2 fixation     photosystem     RuBisCO     the TCA cycle    

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Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0909-1

摘要： The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality. This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys, including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants, transport by tube trailers, storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), and application for use in two different cities. It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost. However, a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system. The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1% in City A and 43.8% in City B. It only takes 11.0%–20.1% of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8% of the ICEV emission. The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1% in City A. Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and “greener” hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy     life-cycle assessment (LCA)     fuel cell vehicle     carbon emission     energy cost    

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Improvement of the cascading closed loop cycle system

ZHANG Guoqiang, CAI Ruixian

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 341-346 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0051-5

摘要： Aspen Plus was used to simulate and get more information about the cascading closed loop cycle (CCLC) system [1–3]. Following evaluation of the variable temperature heat source (e.g. gas turbine flue gas) utilized by the CCLC, both qualitative and quantitive comparisons between the system and simple steam Rankine cycle, were made. The results indicate that CCLC has the advantage in recuperating exergy from flue gas, but it cannot sufficiently convert the recuperated exergy to useful work. To improve the utilization of low temperature flue gas heat, the properties and parameters of the working substance must match conditions of the low temperature heat source. A better cycle scheme and pressure distribution was proposed to raise the efficiency of the CCLC. In addition, the multifunction system concept was introduced to improve the performance of CCLC with solar energy.
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State-of-the-art applications of machine learning in the life cycle of solid waste management

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1644-x

摘要：

● State-of-the-art applications of machine learning (ML) in solid waste (SW) is presented.

关键词： Machine learning (ML)     Solid waste (SW)     Bibliometrics     SW management     Energy utilization     Life cycle    

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Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm

Wenrui Guo, Yue Wen, Yi Chen, Qi Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1236-y

摘要： • Fe(III) accepted the most electrons from organics, followed by NO3‒, SO42‒, and O2. • The electrons accepted by SO42‒ could be stored in the solid AVS, FeS2-S, and S0. • The autotrophic denitrification driven by solid S had two-phase characteristics. • A conceptual model involving electron acceptance, storage, and donation was built. • S cycle transferred electrons between organics and NO3‒ with an efficiency of 15%. A constructed wetland microcosm was employed to investigate the sulfur cycle-mediated electron transfer between carbon and nitrate. Sulfate accepted electrons from organics at the average rate of 0.84 mol/(m3·d) through sulfate reduction, which accounted for 20.0% of the electron input rate. The remainder of the electrons derived from organics were accepted by dissolved oxygen (2.6%), nitrate (26.8%), and iron(III) (39.9%). The sulfide produced from sulfate reduction was transformed into acid-volatile sulfide, pyrite, and elemental sulfur, which were deposited in the substratum, storing electrons in the microcosm at the average rate of 0.52 mol/(m3·d). In the presence of nitrate, the acid-volatile and elemental sulfur were oxidized to sulfate, donating electrons at the average rate of 0.14 mol/(m3·d) and driving autotrophic denitrification at the average rate of 0.30 g N/(m3·d). The overall electron transfer efficiency of the sulfur cycle for autotrophic denitrification was 15.3%. A mass balance assessment indicated that approximately 50% of the input sulfur was discharged from the microcosm, and the remainder was removed through deposition (49%) and plant uptake (1%). Dominant sulfate-reducing (i.e., Desulfovirga, Desulforhopalus, Desulfatitalea, and Desulfatirhabdium) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (i.e., Thiohalobacter, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, and Sulfurisoma), which jointly fulfilled a sustainable sulfur cycle, were identified. These results improved understanding of electron transfers among carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles in constructed wetlands, and are of engineering significance.

关键词： Constructed wetland     Sulfur cycle     Electron transfer     Denitrification    

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Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 17-26 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0369-3

摘要： Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.

关键词： pavement preservation     life-cycle cost analysis     agency cost     vehicle operation cost    

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Performance analysis of cogeneration systems based on micro gas turbine (MGT), organic Rankine cycleand ejector refrigeration cycle

Zemin BO, Kai ZHANG, Peijie SUN, Xiaojing LV, Yiwu WENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 54-63 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0606-7

摘要： In this paper, the operation performance of three novel kinds of cogeneration systems under design and off-design condition was investigated. The systems are MGT (micro gas turbine) + ORC (organic Rankine cycle) for electricity demand, MGT+ ERC (ejector refrigeration cycle) for electricity and cooling demand, and MGT+ ORC+ ERC for electricity and cooling demand. The effect of 5 different working fluids on cogeneration systems was studied. The results show that under the design condition, when using R600 in the bottoming cycle, the MGT+ ORC system has the lowest total output of 117.1 kW with a thermal efficiency of 0.334, and the MGT+ ERC system has the largest total output of 142.6 kW with a thermal efficiency of 0.408. For the MGT+ ORC+ ERC system, the total output is between the other two systems, which is 129.3 kW with a thermal efficiency of 0.370. For the effect of different working fluids, R123 is the most suitable working fluid for MGT+ ORC with the maximum electricity output power and R600 is the most suitable working fluid for MGT+ ERC with the maximum cooling capacity, while both R600 and R123 can make MGT+ ORC+ ERC achieve a good comprehensive performance of refrigeration and electricity. The thermal efficiency of three cogeneration systems can be effectively improved under off-design condition because the bottoming cycle can compensate for the power decrease of MGT. The results obtained in this paper can provide a reference for the design and operation of the cogeneration system for distributed energy systems (DES).

关键词： cogeneration system     different working fluids     micro gas turbine (MGT)     organic Rankine cycle (ORC)     ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A district heating system based on absorption heat exchange with CHP systems

Lin FU, Yan LI, Yi JIANG, Shigang ZHANG,

期刊论文

Co-hydrotreating light cycle oil-canola oil blends

Huali WANG, Hena FAROOQI, Jinwen CHEN

期刊论文

Revealing the GHG reduction potential of emerging biomass-based CO utilization with an iron cycle system

期刊论文

Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperatures

Harun TANYILDIZI, Abdulkadir ŞENGÜR, Yaman AKBULUT, Murat ŞAHİN

期刊论文

Simulation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO

Junlan YANG, Yitai MA, Minxia LI, Hua TIAN

期刊论文

Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Pol Masclans Abelló, Vicente Medina Iglesias, M. Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

期刊论文

Major bridge projects——a multi-disciplinary approach

Klaus H. OSTENFELD, Erik Y. ANDERSEN

期刊论文

A comparison of production system life cycle models

Rajesh ATTRI, Sandeep GROVER

期刊论文

Cyanobacterial photo-driven mixotrophic metabolism and its advantages for biosynthesis

Ni Wan,Mary Abernathy,Joseph Kuo-Hsiang Tang,Yinjie J. Tang,Le You

期刊论文

Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

期刊论文

Improvement of the cascading closed loop cycle system

ZHANG Guoqiang, CAI Ruixian

期刊论文

State-of-the-art applications of machine learning in the life cycle of solid waste management

期刊论文

Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm

Wenrui Guo, Yue Wen, Yi Chen, Qi Zhou

期刊论文

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

期刊论文

Performance analysis of cogeneration systems based on micro gas turbine (MGT), organic Rankine cycleand ejector refrigeration cycle

Zemin BO, Kai ZHANG, Peijie SUN, Xiaojing LV, Yiwu WENG

期刊论文